Named for the famous Spanish explorer who traveled through this area in 1540. Over its rich history it offered shelter for native Indians for centuries (a 2,000-year-old Woodland Period burial was excavated by archeologists in the mid-1960s), . . . — — Map (db m45034) HM
Childersburg traces its heritage to the Coosa Indian village located in the area. DeSoto, accompanied by 600 men, began his march across North America in June 1539. Traveling from Tampa Bay, Florida, northward through what became the Southeastern . . . — — Map (db m45137) HM
Built by Andrew Jackson with U.S. Regulars, Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Cherokees and Creeks. Used as advance base during final phases of Creek Indian War, 1813-1814. Military cemetery nearby. — — Map (db m57761) HM
Settled in 1748 by Shawnee
Indians from Ohio.
They joined Creek Confederacy,
fought against U.S. in War of 1812,
were moved west in 1836.
Settled before 1836 by men
who had fought in this area
under Andrew Jackson.
Indian name: . . . — — Map (db m40595) HM
Here Andrew Jackson led Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Indians to victory over hostile “Red Sticks.”
This action rescued friendly Creeks besieged in Fort Leslie.
Creek Indian War 1813 - 1814. — — Map (db m28205) HM
Site of U.S. Land Office
for sale of lands ceded
by Creek Indians, 1832.
Early courts held here after
Talladega County created.
Named for Samuel W. Mardis,
settled from Tennessee. — — Map (db m160542) HM
Indian farmer - merchant chose to resist whites' advance on Indians' lands. In Creek War he led Creeks at Battle of Horseshoe Bend. His warriors were beaten by Jackson's superior force but Menawa escaped. — — Map (db m66680) HM
Following the Creek Cession in 1832, settlers, mostly from Georgia and the Carolinas, occupied this section of the Creek Nation. Among the first settlers was James Young who purchased land a half-mile west near a trading post called Georgia Store. . . . — — Map (db m28658) HM
This tablet is placed by
Tallapoosa County
in commemoration of the
one hundredth anniversary
of the
Battle Of Horseshoe Bend,
fought within its limits
on March 27, 1814.
There the Creek Indians, led by
Menawa and other chiefs, . . . — — Map (db m28751) HM
There on March 27, 1814 General Andrew Jackson commanding U. S. forces and friendly Indians, broke the power of the Creek Confederacy. — — Map (db m39812) HM
In August 1814, following Gen. Andrew Jackson's victory at the
Battle of Horseshoe Bend, the Creek Nation ceded its land in central
and south Alabama to the U.S. Government. On March 24, 1832, the
Creek Nation signed the Treaty of Cusseta, . . . — — Map (db m223956) HM
Any officer or soldiers who flies before the enemy-shall suffer death.
With these harsh words, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson marched his soldiers 52 miles from the Coosa River to Horseshoe Bend and a bloody contest with the Red Sticks. His . . . — — Map (db m46674) HM
Having maintained for a few minutes a very obstinate contest, muzzle to muzzle, through the port-holes, in which many of the enemy's balls were welded to the bayonets of our musquets, our troops succeeded in gaining possession of the opposite . . . — — Map (db m46676) HM
...[The Creek] had erected a breast-work, of greatest compactness and strength-from five to eight feet high, and prepared with double rows of port-holes very artfully arranged...an army could not approach it without being exposed to a double and . . . — — Map (db m46677) HM
I ordered [Lt. Jesse] Bean to take possession of the Island below, with forty men, to prevent the enemy's taking refuge there...as many of the enemy did attempt their escape...but not one were landed-they were sunk by [Lt.] Beans command ere . . . — — Map (db m46389) HM
Here at 10:30 on the morning of March 27, 1814, General Jackson quickly emplaced his single battery, one 3-pounder and one 6-pounder. He immediately opened a lively but ineffective fire on the center of the sturdy log barricade. After his Indian . . . — — Map (db m51671) HM
Here on the Horseshoe Battleground General Andrew Jackson and his brave men broke the power of the Creek Indians under Chief Menawa March 29, 1814 — — Map (db m51673) HM
In memory of the
Soldiers and Indian allies
who died in combat with the
Upper Creek Indians during the
Horseshoe Bend Campaign in
the Creek War of 1813-1814
In memory of the
Upper Creek Warriors
who died in combat with
United . . . — — Map (db m64594) WM
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park
The park offers activities designed to commemorate the events that occurred here on March 27, 1814. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended the Creek Indian War and added nearly 23 million acres of land to the . . . — — Map (db m46232) HM
In 1811 Tecumseh, a Shawnee Indian tapped the growing resentment within the Creek Nation.
Treaties with the whites had always seemed to work against them. The U.S. Government had adopted a persistent policy to change Creek government and culture. . . . — — Map (db m95260) WM
[The] high ground which extended about mid-way from the breastwork to the river was in some manner open, but the declivity and flat which surrounded it was filled with fallen timber, the growth of which was very heavy, and had been so arrayed . . . — — Map (db m47498) HM
By dark, more than 800 Red Stick warriors were dead and at least 350 women and children were prisoners. Jackson's army suffered 154 men wounded and 49 killed. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend effectively ended the Creek Indian War. Five months later, . . . — — Map (db m51665) HM
In this meadow 350 women and children, sheltered in the village of Tohopeka, listened to the sounds of battle drifting back from the barricade 1,000 yards away. Alarmed, they watched as enemy Cherokee and Lower Creek warriors crossed the river, . . . — — Map (db m47469) HM
I never had such emotions as while the long roll was beating...It was not fear, it was not anxiety or concern of the fate of those who were so soon to fall but it was a kind of enthusiasm that thrilled through every nerve and animated me with . . . — — Map (db m46675) HM
Originally the name "Creek" referred only to
Muskogee Indians living near Ochese Creek in
central Georgia. Over time the name spread to
include all Muskogee people along the rivers of
present-day Georgia and Alabama. At one time
the region held . . . — — Map (db m223985) HM
On the morning of the battle, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jacksons Indian allies surrounded the lower portion of Horseshoe Bend.
The Cherokee were positioned across the river from where you stand; the Lower Creek were farther upriver to your left.
. . . — — Map (db m47446) HM
Built in 1735 by British from Carolina in futile attempt to gain trade of the Creek Indians from the French, located at Fort Toulouse, 40 mi. S. Okfuskee was the largest town in Creek Confederacy. — — Map (db m22232) HM
This stone placed at the
Great Council Tree
marks the site of
Tukabahchi
1686-1836
Capital of the Upper Creek Indian Nation. Here were born Efau Haujo, Great Medal Chief, and Opothleyaholo,
Creek leaders. Big Warrior . . . — — Map (db m67863) HM
The Trail of Tears led thousands of Creek Indians through Tuscaloosa, capital of Alabama in 1836. Chief Eufaula addressed the legislature with these words:
"I come here, brothers, to see the great house of Alabama and the men who make laws and . . . — — Map (db m119308) HM
During his term our state moved from frontier to urbanity. The University of Alabama was officially opened. Construction was begun on our first canals and railroads, supplementing existing steamboats and unpaved roads. The Choctaws exchanged their . . . — — Map (db m29023) HM
He extended state laws into Indian lands and actively encouraged illegal white settlement there. A treaty with the Creek Indians in 1832 forced them to leave the state and resulted in nine new counties in east Alabama. Their "Trail of Tears" took . . . — — Map (db m29028) HM
He initiated construction of the Capitol, the University of Alabama, and the State Bank. The legislature passed laws, known as slave codes, to severely restrict the rights of slaves, while citizens began to press for the removal of Alabama's . . . — — Map (db m29020) HM
Plied for thousands of years by Indians, then by early explorers and American settlers, this river extends 169 miles from the Sipsey and Mulberry Forks near Birmingham to its confluence with the Tombigbee at Demopolis. It drains 6228 square miles of . . . — — Map (db m28901) HM
This area's first inhabitants were Native Americans whose ancestors migrated from Eurasia thousands of years ago. These ancient Indians left numerous archaeological sites and were the ancestors of the mound builders and more recent modern tribes. . . . — — Map (db m217175) HM
“He was the suzerain of many territories, and of a numerous people, being equally feared by his vassals and the neighboring nations.” — — Map (db m156405) HM
Black Warrior Town Black Warrior Town was one of the northernmost settlements of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. The town center was situated on the eastern side of the confluence of the Sipsey and Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River. Located . . . — — Map (db m216160) HM
Aiokpanchi, "Welcome,” to the Official Tribal Reservation
of the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. Chata hapia hoke!
"We are Choctaw.” We are glad you are able to visit us and
hope your visit to our Tribal Reservation is both . . . — — Map (db m149288) HM
Named for Thomas Bassett, a British Loyalist and native of Virginia. Migrated to Tombigbee area from near Augusta, Ga. circa 1772 to escape persecution by American patriots. Received in 1776, from King George III, a grant of 750 acres on the west . . . — — Map (db m122336) HM
Joseph Morgan Wilcox was born on March 15, 1790 in Killingsworth, Middlesex County, Connecticut. He was the son of Revolutionary War officer, Joseph Wilcox and Phoebe Morgan. On June 15, 1808, Cadet Wilcox entered the U.S. Military Academy where he . . . — — Map (db m68159) HM
A legendary lady from the Black Warrior Mountains. She became one of the most noted and famed individuals of North Alabama by way of many tragic events during the Civil War and the years that followed that affected her family and thus shaped her . . . — — Map (db m248363) HM
The "Free State” of Winston
In 1862, this county's representatives
opposed secession, voted to remain
neutral, and were labeled as "Torries".
In honor of the first Alabama born
governor, Winston County
received its name. It was . . . — — Map (db m168066) HM
The word "Kinlock" is of unknown origin although there is a Scottish site of the same name. The Kinlock Historic District was determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 and includes many sites:
the Rock Shelter, which . . . — — Map (db m248357) HM
Athabascans were highly nomadic, traveling in small groups to fish, hunt, and trap.
Athabascan territory, the largest area of all the Alaska Native peoples, was home to 11 different linguistic groups who lived along five major riverways: the . . . — — Map (db m72795) HM
Our people had log houses without nails and we all lived the same. We lived subsistence way of life, and love it that way. We have our fish houses, drying racks and all that.
Alberta Stephan, . . . — — Map (db m72796) HM
Athabascans were masters at designing a variety of shelters--simple and functional--that kept them both warm and mobile as they set out to hunt and trade.
Emergency shelters were constructed in minutes.
A wandering hunter could pile up . . . — — Map (db m72792) HM
Raven is the Creator in many Alaska Native and American Indian legends. Elements from my different legends are incorporated into this sculpture including "Raven Stealing the Stars, Sun, and Moon." The human figures in the claws symbolize icons used . . . — — Map (db m72793) HM
For generations the Inuit people of Northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska have constructed these rock monuments for hunting and navigational purposes. Our inuksuk is a giant version based on similar monuments found throughout the Arctic. . . . — — Map (db m69768) HM
High above river valleys, at overlooks like this, Denalis first human visitors watch for mammoth, giant bison, and caribou. Ridge tops made the best game launching platforms; herds tend to follow sheltered stream corridors.
Hunters had to . . . — — Map (db m69724) HM
Natives of Southeast Alaska have made totem poles such as this one for thousands of years.
This pole depicts four Haida clan stories. It was carved in 1940 by master carver John Wallace of Hydaburg. Described as "the last of the professional . . . — — Map (db m181736) HM
Monument against east wall of house off Whittier Way:
This memorial is dedicated to all
Alaska Native Veterans,
Southeast who served in the
United States Armed Forces. Let us not dwell on their passing
but remember their . . . — — Map (db m69127) WM
Because Juneau cannot be reached by road, the waterfront has always been Juneau's doorway to the outside world. Today travelers and freight continue to arrive at this waterfront by sea and air.
The first vessels on the Gastineau Channel were the . . . — — Map (db m181775) HM
This totem pole tells the story of the harnessing of the atom. The pole was carved in 1967 by Tlingit carver Amos Wallace of Juneau. His Tlingit name was Jeet Yaaw Dustaa of the T'akdeintaan Clan of the X'αakw Hνt Tlingit (Freshwater-marked Coho . . . — — Map (db m181737) HM
Fifty years after Patsy Ann met her last ship, admirers led by June Dawson organized the Friends of Patsy Ann. The group raised funds and commissioned a statue so Patsy Ann could once again greet visitors on the dock.
Sculpted by Ann Burke . . . — — Map (db m69663) HM
Visionary
An ardent expansionist, Seward pursued his vision of Manifest Destiny to expand the borders of the United States through peaceful means. Some of his interests included a port in the Caribbean, Hawaii, Guam, British Columbia, and . . . — — Map (db m181745) HM
Carved by Tlingit carvers:
Charlic Tagook Klukwan
William Brown Saxman
Carving began in 1939 / Carving was completed in 1940
Featured on this totem pole, from top to bottom, are Raven, a man, a giant cannibal (Guteel), . . . — — Map (db m181740) HM
The cultural traditions and stylistic glories of Northwest Coast Native artists go back centuries. But the historical period of (obscured) and curating mainly by non-Natives is relatively short. Totem poles by tradition were private . . . — — Map (db m182030) HM
Totem poles are carved to honor deceased ancestors, record history, social events, and oral tradition. They were never worshipped as religious objects.
This totem, carved by Israel Shotridge and raised in 1989, is a replica of the Chief . . . — — Map (db m79703) HM
Totem poles are carved to honor deceased ancestors record history, social events, and oral tradition. They were never worshipped as religious objects.
This totem is the second replication of the Chief Kyan Totem Pole. The original pole was . . . — — Map (db m70746) HM
The Christian cross was planted in Ketchikan's shoreline in 1897, when the settlement was only a creekside collection of Native homes and a trading site for the first white businessman in the area. The missionary priest who staked an ecclesiastical . . . — — Map (db m182004) HM
The Revenue Cutter McCulloch is docked near Northern Machine Works (left) and a Japanese barkentine is at anchor on the south end of the wharf near the Ketchikan Spruce Mills (right) to purchase fish. Also visible is St. John's Episcopal . . . — — Map (db m181984) HM
For thousands of years, water has been the common highway for all Northwest Coast Natives. Living at the edge of dense rain forests of great cedar, spruce, and hemlock along one of the world's richest sea coasts, their dependence upon seafood . . . — — Map (db m181977) HM
A city arose at the mouth of Ketchikan Creek early in the 20th century, where Native people had camped for uncountable centuries to fish and hunt, houses, stores, hotels and sawmills uprooted the rainforest skyline in a sort of land-rush flurry of . . . — — Map (db m182027) HM
Thundering Wings the title of local master carver Nathan Jackson's magnificent cedar monument, depicts the Tlingit native origin of Ketchikan's name, as told by Chief Reynold Denny of the Beaver Clan:
About three hundred years ago the . . . — — Map (db m181908) HM
The following 72 Inupiat Eskimos are interred in this common grave. Pray, honor and remember these villagers, who lost their lives during the short span of five days, in the influenza pandemic, November 15-20, 1918.
Abeyorok, Mike, 26 . . . — — Map (db m149930) HM
Sharing Food, Sharing Life Then and Now
Ukpiaġvik, which means the place where we hunt snowy owls, was one of several ancient villages in the Barrow area. Our ancestors settled here primarily to hunt the great bowhead whales. But . . . — — Map (db m49595) HM
This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America. The hall is the place of importance in the native community. The original chapter of Alaska Native Brotherhood built this hall in 1914 to serve . . . — — Map (db m133827) HM
Russians and Native Alaskans took the first tentative steps toward mutual understanding in the Russian Bishop's House. The bishop lived here alongside Tlingit students and Native and Kryol (mixed ancestry) men studying to become Orthodox priests. . . . — — Map (db m181607) HM
Blacksmiths and artisans who once lived and toiled on this hill were highly skilled workers of diverse ethnicities. Artifacts found here tell their forgotten story.
Under Your Feet
In 1997, archaeologists discovered Russian workshops . . . — — Map (db m181266) HM
When the Kiksadi clan of the Tlingit Indians first migrated into this area from the south, they chose this promontory for the erection of their main houses. There were four of these community houses here when Baranof, governor of the . . . — — Map (db m181334) HM
Baranof and his party landed and parleyed with the Kiksadi who refused to permit another settlement. When the Russians attacked this hill they found the Kiksadi had moved to their fort Ό mile east on Indian River.
After the battle and siege at . . . — — Map (db m181343) HM
Tlingit people established ties to this place long ago and those ties, though altered, remain.
The Land and the Tlingit
The ocean and the forest met the Tlingit peoples' needs as they moved from summer fish camps to autumn hunting grounds . . . — — Map (db m181331) HM
Saint Michael's Cathedral, a National Historic Landmark, is the central point of interest in historic downtown Sitka and is recognizable statewide as the most prominent symbol of the Russian colonial presence in Alaska. It was the main edifice of a . . . — — Map (db m181574) HM
Norman E. Staton Sr. and Ethel L. (Milonich) Staton, lifelong Alaskans moved from Ketchikan to Sitka in 1955 opening their first restaurant, the Pioneer Grill on Katlian Street and their second, the Sitka Cafι on Lincoln Street before opening . . . — — Map (db m181259) HM
Skagway was originally spelled S-K-A-G-U-A, a Tlingit Indian word for windy place. The first people in the area were Tlingits from the Chilkoot and Chilkat villages in the Haines-Klukwan area. From a fish camp in nearby Dyea, they used the . . . — — Map (db m69128) HM
* Lkσot Aanν (Chilkoot)Lkσot Aanν is the name of the area from Haines to Skagway, and the name originates from Lkσot Αa ("The Lake that Puked" [Chilkoot Lake]), where a massive rock . . . — — Map (db m248858) HM
Widely used today on the Yukon and Copper Rivers, the fishwheel was introduced in Alaska near the turn of the 20th century. It is thought to have been prominent in the Pacific Northwest, particularly the Columbia River, prior to making its way to . . . — — Map (db m173903) HM
Discovery of two well-preserved mummies led members of an 1880 archeological expedition to call this site Mummy Cave. The traditional Navajo name for this impressive setting is Tsιyaa Kini — House Under Rock. Anasazi lived here for nearly a . . . — — Map (db m170537) HM
The Navajo know this prehistoric Anasazi village site as Kinααzhoozhν, which means Sliding House. It is an apt description. The dwellings were constructed upon a steeply sloping ledge, and even the ingenious Anasazi builders were unable to keep many . . . — — Map (db m170548) HM
Spanish soldiers may have fired from this very site during the infamous “massacre” of 1805. Their Navajo targets were huddled in the alcove below and to the left. Spanish accounts describe a day-long battle against Indians . . . — — Map (db m170547) HM
In November of 1776 a party of Spanish explorers and Indian guides passed through this area on their way to the Zuni Mission in what is now New Mexico. Franciscan Fathers, Francisco Atanasio Dominquez and Silvestre Velez De Escalante, had embarked . . . — — Map (db m36577) HM
About the Navajo Code Talkers
During World War II the Japanese possessed the ability to break almost any American military code. Over 400 Navajos, with 29 being the original Navajo Code Talkers, stepped forward and developed the most . . . — — Map (db m51537) HM
In Remembrance of Our Warriors
Who Made the Ultimate Sacrifice and/or
Missing in Action,
They will never be forgotten
and to us they will always be young in our thoughts.
Nelson Lewis Walter Nelson Willie A. Notah Edie . . . — — Map (db m27911) HM
Near Dragoon Springs on October 12, 1872, General O.O. Howard and Cochise, Chief of the Chiricahua Apache Indians, ratified a peace treaty ending years of warfare between that tribe and the white settlers. Cochise's stronghold was hidden deep in the . . . — — Map (db m27877) HM
Pottery fragments found around Apache Spring suggest it was used by prehistoric Mogollon Indians before the Apache arrived. Journals of early Spanish explorers described Apache trails radiating from the spring. The Butterfield Trail was constructed . . . — — Map (db m100823) HM
After the events on the afternoon of February 4th, Bascom ordered the command to move toward, and fortify, the stage station. According to Sergeant Daniel Robinson:
Our wagons were placed end to end, forming a semicircle, covering one . . . — — Map (db m100815) HM
[Side 1: In English :]
September 4-8, 1986, Arizonans marked the return of the Chiricahua Ex-Prisoners of War and their descendants in ceremonies that completed a spiritual circle. We remembered and reflected on the clash between . . . — — Map (db m42513) HM
To your right, a spur trail follows a military road 300 yards to the first Fort Bowie ruins.
On July 28, 1862, a 100-man detachment of the 5th California Volunteer Infantry began construction of the primitive fort, completing it two weeks . . . — — Map (db m218624) HM
A Regional Legacy
Cochise. Geronimo. Though their reputations were fierce, the Chiricahua Apaches didn't stop explorers, prospectors, settlers, and merchants from Westward immigration. To establish a lifeline between the East and California, . . . — — Map (db m37761) HM
On February 4, 1861, 2nd Lt. George Bascom, and his detachment of 54 men encamped two hundred yards east of here. Bascoms mission was to find Cochise, recover a kidnapped boy and return livestock assumed taken by the Chiricahua Apaches. . . . — — Map (db m42008) HM
The Story: U.S. Indian Agent Thomas Jeffords governed some 900 Chiricahua Apaches here in 1875-76, under the vigilance of the U.S. Army at Fort Bowie.
Cochise, Chiricahua chieftain and friend of Jeffords, died in 1874, leaving the band . . . — — Map (db m100819) HM
This valley owes its name to the two springs located one mile north of this monument. From 400 A.D. to 1450 A.D. indigenous Indians farmed the region. Their bedrock mortar pits remain on the nearby hill. Later Chiricahua Apaches, Spaniards, . . . — — Map (db m37768) HM
The San Antonio and San Diego Mail Line began service across Arizona to the Pacific coast in July, 1857. Its route included a stop here near the Dragoon spring. The San Antonio Line was commonly known as the "Jackass Mail" because mules were used . . . — — Map (db m76940) HM
June, 1876 - The Chiricahua Apache Indian Reservation is abolished. Apaches who are not relocated to other reservations are labeled renegades. Military patrols are sent throughout southeastern Arizona in search of them.
March, 1878 - . . . — — Map (db m42087) HM
Near here Geronimo, last Apache Chieftain, and Nachite with their followers surrendered on Sept. 6th 1886 to General Nelson A. Miles. U. S. Army. Lieutenant Chas. B. Gatewood with Kieta and Martine Apache scouts, risked their lives to enter the camp . . . — — Map (db m28355) HM
This was the homeland of the Chiricahua Apache. From out of the north came these semi nomadic hunters. Separating from other Apache groups in the 1690s, the Chiricahua Apache moved into southeastern Arizona. — — Map (db m100161) HM
]Panel 1:]
Between 1100 and 1200, more people lived in this area than ever before, or since. Located along routes linking large populations to the northeast and south, villages here were well situated for trade. As people, goods, and ideas . . . — — Map (db m60079) HM
Box Canyon and Lomaki ruins are a short 15-minute walk from here, along the edges of ancient earthcracks. The 1/4-mile trail will take you back in time over 800 years to the remnants of this once-thriving community. You will see the few native . . . — — Map (db m60114) HM
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